November 2, 2025 | 11:51 pm
TEMPO.CO, Jakarta - Mount Merapi recorded multiple eruptions of hot clouds and lava flows on Sunday, November 2, 2025, marking a continuation of heightened activity.
The hot clouds occurred at 11:04 a.m. and 11:11 a.m. local time. The first had a sliding distance of 2,500 meters and lasted 279.5 seconds, while the second slid 2,000 meters and lasted 236.4 seconds. The hot clouds were accompanied by two lava flows directed southwest toward Kali Sat/Putih and Kali Krasak.
Merapi's alert level remains at Level III (Siaga), a status that has been in place since its declaration on November 5, 2020.
Agus Budi Santoso, Head of the Center for Geological Disaster Research and Technology Development (BPPTKG) Yogyakarta, stated that prior to today's hot cloud eruption, Merapi had already recorded at least four hot lava flows. These flows, also directed toward Kali Krasak and Kali Sat/Putih, covered a distance of 2,000 meters.
"The day before, on Saturday, November 1, Merapi erupted 21 times with lava flowing southwest toward Kali Bebeng, Sat, and Boyong, covering a distance of 1,900 meters," Agus added.
Lava Warning Due to Rainfall
Since October and into November, the mountaintop has been continuously subjected to rainfall. For instance, on Saturday, rain occurred on the southern slope from 1:36 p.m. local time, recording a rainfall of 3 millimeters over 18 minutes, with an intensity of 18 millimeters per hour. The rain continued into the night.
Agus issued a warning regarding this condition: "Aside from hot clouds, please remain vigilant for the danger of lava in rivers originating from Mount Merapi in potential hazard areas. Avoid hazardous areas, and strictly adhere to recommendations."
Observations conducted from October 24–30, 2025, provided a detailed summary of the volcano's state:
- Weather: Generally clear in the morning and at night, but foggy between noon and afternoon.
- Emissions: Merapi continuously emitted white smoke, ranging from thin to thick, with low pressure, and heights varying from 25 to 350 meters.
- Hot Clouds: There were two instances of hot cloud eruptions with a maximum sliding distance of 1,500 meters toward the upstream of Kali Krasak and Kali Sat/Putih.
- Lava Flows: A high volume of flows was recorded: 26 flows toward the upstream of Kali Krasak (max distance 2,000 meters); 2 flows toward the upstream of Kali Bebeng (max distance 1,000 meters); and 33 flows toward the upstream of Kali Sat/Putih (max distance 2,000 meters).
Morphological analysis revealed slight changes in the Southwest Dome due to volume changes and lava flow activities, while the Central Dome remained unchanged. Based on aerial photo analysis dated October 8, 2025, the volume of the Southwest Dome was 4,414,900 cubic meters and the Central Dome was 2,368,800 cubic meters.
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