Politics of Disaster Risk Distribution

4 hours ago 3

December 8, 2025 | 10:01 am

TEMPO.CO, Jakarta - The flash floods that struck several provinces in Sumatra in late November 2025 demand more than an emergency empathy. They call for change rooted in radical reflection, one capable of rebuilding the relationship between the state, the production of risk, and the inequality.

The disaster in Sumatra was not merely a hydrometeorological event. It was the embodiment of what German sociologist Ulrich Beck described as manufactured risks—hazards generated by the modernist development model (extractive economies, weak governance, and the expansion of agribusiness) and distributed unevenly across the socio-political landscape. The sheer scale of casualties reveals this, as do the connections between deforestation due to indications of illegal logging and a fragmented state response.

Social scientists like Beck (1944-2015) have long warned that modern societies do more than produce commodities that improve welfare, but they also generate new forms of danger, such as radiation, pollution, climate crisis, and engineered ecological disasters. These threats are all human-made. And they carry real weight because they are comprehensive, crossing national and class boundaries, yet the effects are unevenly distributed.

In other words, everyone faces the possibility of exposure to global risks (such as climate change) but the concrete burdens—death, loss of livelihood, deepened poverty after disaster—fall disproportionately on those who occupy vulnerable socioeconomic positions or live in areas that have experienced ecological damage due to human activities. The crisis of this era generates new uncertainties that cannot be solved by outdated modern instruments without radical institutional changes.

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